Executive Summary

As organizations scale programmatic advertising across channels, devices, and campaigns, their expectation of greater transparency and accountability has made managing performance more complex. Omnichannel ad platforms now sit at the center of this challenge, governing how media is planned, bought, optimized, and measured across increasingly fragmented environments. A centralized, outcomes-driven platform enables organizations to operate at enterprise scale while improving performance and reducing waste, helping organizations bring greater accountability and operational rigor to how they manage media investments.

The Trade Desk is an independent demand-side platform (DSP) that enables advertisers to plan, execute, and measure digital advertising in a single platform across traditional channels, such as display, video, audio, and connected TV, as well as emerging channels like digital out-of-home. Operating across multiple channels, formats, and markets, The Trade Desk is used by large, complex advertisers running high-volume programmatic media initiatives. It helps organizations reach relevant audiences on the open internet using data-driven targeting, AI-assisted optimization, and outcome-based measurement aligned to business goals. Because The Trade Desk doesn’t own media, it operates without conflicts of interest that can bias decision-making or obscure costs, giving advertisers greater transparency and accountability into how ad spend is allocated and how campaigns are optimized.

The Trade Desk commissioned Forrester Consulting to conduct a Total Economic Impact™ (TEI) study and examine the potential return on investment (ROI) enterprises may realize by leveraging The Trade Desk.1 The purpose of this study is to provide readers with a framework to evaluate the potential financial impact of The Trade Desk on their organizations.

33%

Return on investment (ROI)

 

$15.54M

Net present value (NPV)

 

To better understand the benefits, costs, and risks associated with this investment, Forrester interviewed four decision-makers with experience using The Trade Desk. For the purposes of this study, Forrester aggregated the experiences of the interviewees and combined the results into a single composite organization, which is a global, multibillion-dollar, business-to-consumer enterprise with $25 billion in annual revenue and approximately 22,000 employees. The composite organization manages hundreds of digital campaigns per month across various channels and brands, with a centralized analytics team overseeing performance and measurement for enterprise-scale, omnichannel digital media.

Interviewees said that prior to using The Trade Desk, their organizations operated with fragmented and complex programmatic workflows, relying on a mix of direct publisher relationships, multiple DSPs, and walled garden platforms. Prior attempts to scale and optimize campaigns across channels yielded limited success, leaving their organizations with duplicated reach, inconsistent performance measurement, and high operational overhead. These limitations led to inefficient media spend, lower confidence in outcomes, and slower execution, making it more difficult for their organizations to improve performance as campaign scale increased.

Forrester’s research indicates that the challenges described by the interviewees reflect broader shifts in the programmatic advertising market. As advertisers seek to scale faster across channels and formats, fragmentation, signal loss, and opaque inventory models increasingly complicate their ability to maintain transparency, control reach and frequency, and measure outcomes confidently. Forrester’s recent analysis of omnichannel advertising platforms highlights that accelerating advertising performance can’t come at the expense of accountability or unbiased decision-making, particularly when platform incentives aren’t fully aligned to buy-side performance.2

After the investment in The Trade Desk, the interviewees reported consolidating programmatic buying and optimization into a primary independent platform that supported omnichannel execution at enterprise scale. They described how consolidating onto an independent platform designed to apply AI-driven optimization, bidding and decision-making capabilities, and supply quality controls at scale enabled more consistent execution as programmatic activity expanded. These platform characteristics provide important context for the outcomes evaluated in this study. Key results from their investment included improved media performance driven by higher-quality reach and outcome-based optimization, reduced media waste through better deduplication and supply quality, and greater operational efficiency through more automated and streamlined workflows.

Key Findings

Quantified benefits. Three-year, risk-adjusted present value (PV) quantified benefits for the composite organization include:

  • Improved media performance through higher-quality reach and outcome optimization, worth $18.5 million over three years. The composite organization improves incremental sales by consolidating programmatic buying and optimization into a single independent DSP. Operating through one platform improves reach quality, mitigates signal loss, and enables more consistent outcome-based optimization across channels. As campaigns scale, the better use of first-party, retail, and behavioral data drives sustained improvements in return on ad spend (ROAS). These gains translate into incremental operating profit without increasing overall media spend, improving both performance and efficiency across performance-oriented campaigns.

  • Reduced media waste through deduplicated reach and improved supply quality, worth $42.4 million over three years. The composite organization reduces duplicated and inefficient impressions by improving visibility into and the control of reach and frequency across channels. Consolidating buying enables more effective deduplication, limiting overlap caused by fragmented DSP and publisher strategies. Avoided media waste reflects spend that is either redeployed toward unique reach or eliminated entirely, improving media efficiency while maintaining campaign objectives. This reduction in waste lowers effective media costs without relying on changes to pricing or discounts.

  • Improved marketing operations efficiency through workflow automation and simplification, worth $1.7 million over three years. The composite organization increases operational efficiency by reducing the time media managers spend on reporting and day-to-day campaign execution. Standardized workflows and increased automation lower the manual effort required to manage campaigns at scale, freeing capacity for analysis, optimization, and experimentation. The organization captures this value as productivity capacity freed rather than headcount reduction, allowing teams to support higher campaign volumes without proportional increases in staffing.

Unquantified benefits. Benefits that provide value for the composite organization but are not quantified for this study include:

  • Faster time to market for campaign launches and budget deployment. The composite organization accelerates campaign activation by operating through a single, centralized platform. Simplified workflows and reduced dependency on multiple publishers and DSPs allow teams to launch and scale campaigns quicker as budgets change or seasonal opportunities emerge. While interviewees consistently cited improved speed, the impact varies by campaign and channel and wasn’t modeled.

  • Greater confidence and trust in media investment decisions. The composite organization strengthens internal confidence in programmatic performance by improving transparency into reach, frequency, and full-funnel outcomes. More consistent measurement and external validation make it easier for teams to explain results, support optimization decisions, and justify investment levels to senior stakeholders across the organization.

  • Improved collaboration and alignment across internal teams and partners. The composite organization benefits from a shared view of performance across marketing, analytics, and agency teams by consolidating programmatic activity onto a primary platform. This common understanding reduces friction between planning and execution, supports clearer communication, and enables teams to operate more effectively as campaign scale and complexity increase.

  • An enhanced onboarding experience and ongoing support through a dedicated partnership. The composite organization benefits from access to dedicated account and technical resources throughout onboarding and ongoing operations. Consistent points of contact and hands-on support help teams adopt new capabilities more confidently, resolve issues more quickly, and maintain momentum as programmatic use expands.

Costs. Three-year, risk-adjusted PV costs for the composite organization include:

  • Initial setup, onboarding, and training. The composite organization incurs a one-time cost of approximately $26,000 in Year 0 to onboard media teams, transition workflows, and enable users on The Trade Desk platform. Interviewees described these activities as limited in scope and largely absorbed into normal campaign transition efforts, with no material recurring setup or training costs in subsequent years.

  • Annual platform costs for The Trade Desk. The composite organization incurs recurring platform costs that scale with the volume of programmatic media managed through The Trade Desk, totaling approximately $18.9 million per year over the three-year analysis period. These costs are primarily tied to in-scope media spend and reflect ongoing access to platform functionality, optimization capabilities, and enterprise support as the composite centralizes and scales its programmatic investment.

The financial analysis that is based on the interviews found that a composite organization experiences benefits of $62.6 million over three years versus costs of $47.0 million, adding up to a net present value (NPV) of $15.5 million and an ROI of 33%. Interviewees also described additional operational and performance improvements that were not fully quantified in this analysis due to measurement limitations and conservative modeling practices.

Annual programmatic media investment optimized and governed through a single, consolidated platform by the composite organization

$90M

“Before consolidation, we were buying across many publishers just to get scale. With more precise targeting at scale, performance stabilized and our cost per qualified audience and cost per conversion consistently improved.”

Senior director of brand marketing, biopharmaceuticals

Key Statistics

33%

Return on investment (ROI) 

$62.6M

Benefits PV 

~40%

Improvement in marketing operations efficiency 

The Trade Desk Customer Journey

Drivers leading to The Trade Desk investment

Interviews

Role Industry Headquarters location Geographic focus Revenue Employees
Senior director of brand marketing Biopharmaceuticals US Global $29B 18,000
Director of digital commerce Alcohol and beverage distribution US Global $21B 24,000
Head of retail media product measurement Retail US Global $680B 2.1M
Head of media and analytics Consumer health products US Global $15B 22,000

Key Challenges

Prior to adopting The Trade Desk, interviewees described operating in complex and fragmented media environments that made it difficult to scale campaigns, control costs, and demonstrate business impact. Their organizations relied on a mix of direct publisher buys, multiple DSPs, and walled garden platforms, which increased operational burden and reduced transparency into performance outcomes. Interviewees noted how their organizations struggled with common challenges, including:

  • Fragmented programmatic ecosystems that constrained scale and efficiency. Interviewees said their organizations executed campaigns across numerous DSPs and direct publisher relationships, each with separate inventory pools, bidding logic, and targeting approaches. This fragmentation resulted in thin inventory at scale, duplicated impressions, and inefficient spend when attempting to reach audiences across display, video, audio, and connected TV. As a result, teams struggled to achieve consistent performance while scaling campaign volume.

  • Limited ability to control duplication, frequency, and media waste. Prior to consolidation, interviewees’ organizations lacked a centralized way to manage frequency and audience overlap across platforms. Interviewees reported paying multiple times to reach the same audiences through different DSPs, which increased the cost per outcome and reduced media efficiency. This was particularly challenging for organizations running large, omnichannel campaigns where coordination across partners was largely manual.

  • Inconsistent measurement and low confidence in performance attribution. Interviewees said that performance metrics varied significantly across DSPs, publishers, and channels, making it difficult to assess true ROI, sales lift, and incrementality. Measurement approaches were often siloed, resulting in conflicting attribution models and reporting formats. This inconsistency reduced confidence in optimization decisions and made it harder to justify investment levels to internal stakeholders.

  • High operational complexity and manual campaign management. Managing campaigns across many platforms required significant coordination among internal teams, agencies, and analytics partners. Interviewees described time-consuming manual processes for setup, optimization, reporting, and data reconciliation, which intensified as campaign volumes increased. This operational burden limited teams’ ability to experiment, respond quickly to changing market conditions, and focus on higher-value strategic work.

  • Difficulty deploying budget quickly and effectively as opportunities arose. Interviewees noted that adding incremental spend or launching campaigns across multiple channels often took weeks due to publisher negotiations, platform limitations, and operational bottlenecks. This slowed their time to market and created the risk that budget increases or seasonal opportunities wouldn’t deliver the expected returns if campaigns couldn’t scale rapidly and efficiently.

Investment Objectives

The interviewees searched for a solution that could:

  • Act as a single, scalable platform across channels and formats. Interviewees said their organizations aimed to consolidate programmatic activity into a primary DSP that could support display, online video, audio, and connected TV at enterprise scale. Their objective was to centralize media planning and execution rather than continuing to rely on a fragmented mix of point solutions, publishers, and platform-specific workflows.

  • Support consistent and defensible performance measurement. Interviewees sought an approach that could improve their organizations’ confidence in how they measured and evaluated campaign performance across channels. They emphasized the importance of supporting outcomes-based assessment, including ROI, sales lift, and incrementality, in ways that could be reviewed, repeated, and trusted by internal analytics teams and leadership.

  • Enable the activation of first-party, retail, and behavior-based audience data. Interviewees looked for a solution that could support advanced audience activation using first-party data alongside retail and purchase-based signals. This objective was especially important for organizations operating in regulated or retail-driven environments, where audience quality, governance, and compliance were critical inputs to campaign planning.

  • Simplify operations while supporting rising campaign scale. As campaign volumes increased, interviewees’ organizations sought to reduce the manual effort required for setup, optimization, and reporting. Interviewees wanted a platform that could streamline coordination across tools and partners while still allowing flexibility for experimentation and custom execution strategies.

  • Provide enterprise-grade partnership, governance, and future flexibility. Interviewees said the solution had to offer strong support, implementation guidance, and governance suitable for complex organizations. Their investment objectives included ensuring the platform could adapt over time to new formats, evolving optimization methods, and using retail and outcome-based activation more deeply.

After a request for proposal (RFP) and business case process evaluating multiple vendors, the interviewees’ organizations chose The Trade Desk and began deployment.

  • Interviewees evaluated multiple DSPs and buying approaches before selecting a primary platform for programmatic investment.

  • Interviewees’ organizations took a phased deployment approach, prioritizing high-impact use cases and expanding adoption over time rather than transitioning all campaigns simultaneously.

  • The interviewees deployed The Trade Desk as a primary ad platform, supporting a substantial share of enterprise campaign activity rather than serving as a limited pilot or niche solution.

“Before adopting a single platform, we were piecing together multiple partners just to reach scale. We needed one solution that could operate across channels and perform consistently at enterprise volume.”

Senior director of brand marketing, biopharmaceuticals

Composite Organization

Based on the interviews, Forrester constructed a TEI framework, a composite company, and an ROI analysis that illustrates the areas financially affected. The composite organization is representative of the interviewees’ organizations, and it is used to present the aggregate financial analysis in the next section. The composite organization has the following characteristics:

  • Description of the composite organization. The composite organization is a global, multibillion-dollar, business-to-consumer enterprise operating across regulated and retail-driven markets. It manages high-volume, omnichannel marketing programs spanning display, online video, audio, and connected TV, with programmatic advertising forming a central part of its media strategy. The organization strongly emphasizes outcome-based measurement, using first-party, retail, and behavioral data to inform campaign planning and performance evaluation.

  • Deployment characteristics. The composite organization adopts The Trade Desk through a phased deployment: It initially focuses on priority use cases and core channels before expanding usage across additional campaigns, brands, and formats. The deployment supports enterprise-level scale from the outset and spans multiple geographies and operating models, including internal teams and external agencies. Over time, The Trade Desk becomes a primary ad platform supporting a substantial share of ongoing campaign activity.

 KEY ASSUMPTIONS

  • $25 billion annual revenue

  • 22,000 employees

  • 400 to 600 digital campaigns per month across channels and brands

  • Centralized analytics team overseeing performance and measurement

Analysis Of Benefits

Quantified benefit data as applied to the composite

Total Benefits

Ref. Benefit Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Total Present Value
Atr Improved media performance through higherquality reach and outcome optimization $6,156,000 $7,387,200 $9,028,800 $22,572,000 $18,484,959
Btr Reduced media waste through deduplicated reach and improved supply quality $13,770,000 $17,010,000 $21,060,000 $51,840,000 $42,398,723
Ctr Improved marketing operations efficiency through workflow automation and simplification $534,375 $676,875 $855,000 $2,066,250 $1,687,570
  Total benefits (risk-adjusted) $20,460,375 $25,074,075 $30,943,800 $76,478,250 $62,571,252

Improved Media Performance Through HigherQuality Reach And Outcome Optimization

Evidence and data. Interviewees described how improving reach quality and optimizing for outcomes materially changed their media performance after consolidating their programmatic activity.

  • “Before consolidation, we were buying across many publishers just to get scale,” said the senior director of brand marketing at a biopharmaceuticals firm. “With more precise targeting at scale, performance stabilized and our cost per qualified audience and cost per conversion consistently improved.”

  • The director of digital commerce at an alcohol and beverage distribution firm said: “When we compared platforms, The Trade Desk delivered better efficiency even at much higher spend. We were seeing lower cost per conversion and stronger ROAS because the targeting and retail data were more effective.”

  • “Using one platform reduced duplication across channels, which directly improved efficiency,” noted the head of retail media product and measurement at a retail firm. “When we consolidated buying, ROAS moved from high single digits into the low- to mid-teens and stayed there more consistently.”

  • “Because campaigns could be optimized at scale and measured with external validation, we had much more confidence in the results,” said the senior director of brand marketing at a biopharmaceuticals firm. “Improved performance was attributable to higher-quality reach rather than noise in the data.”

Modeling and assumptions. Based on the interviews, Forrester assumes the following about the composite organization:

  • The composite organization runs a large-scale, performance-oriented programmatic media program focused on driving measurable business outcomes, such as incremental sales and return on ad spend.

  • The baseline ROAS prior to consolidation reflects performance under a fragmented, multi-DSP and walled garden-centric approach; this is consistent with the interviewees’ experiences.

  • Consolidation onto a primary DSP improves audience quality and outcomes-based optimization, resulting in a sustained percentage improvement in the incremental sales attributable to programmatic media.

  • Improvements increase over time as optimization models learn, retail data usage expands, and consolidated workflows mature across campaigns.

  • Incremental sales improvements apply consistently across the composite organization’s performance-focused campaigns and are translated into operating profit using a standard operating margin.

Risks. The value of this benefit can vary across organizations due to the following:

  • Some performance improvement may be influenced by broader media and creative optimization initiatives rather than higher-quality reach and outcome optimization alone.

  • Actual incremental sales lift may vary by campaign, category, or region due to changes in demand, competition, or market conditions.

  • Improvements may be lower for organizations that have already optimized their programmatic strategies prior to consolidating media buying.

Results. To account for these risks, Forrester adjusted this benefit downward by 5%, yielding a three-year, risk-adjusted total PV (discounted at 10%) of $18.5 million.

15% to 22%

Improvement in incremental sales attributed to higher-quality reach and outcome optimization over three years

“Once everything was running through a single platform, we could clearly see that performance gains were real. The improvements came from better reach and optimization, not from noise or inconsistent measurement.”

Senior director of brand marketing, biopharmaceuticals

Improved Media Performance Through HigherQuality Reach And Outcome Optimization

Ref. Metric Source Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
A1 Inscope annual programmatic media spend Composite $90,000,000 $90,000,000 $90,000,000
A2 Baseline ROAS prior to consolidation on The Trade Desk Composite 4x 4x 4x
A3 Baseline incremental sales attributable to media spend A1*A2 $360,000,000 $360,000,000 $360,000,000
A4 Incremental sales improvement realized Interviews 15% 18% 22%
A5 Incremental sales from improved media performance A3*A4 $54,000,000 $64,800,000 $79,200,000
A6 Operating profit margin on incremental sales TEI standard 12% 12% 12%
At Improved media performance through higherquality reach and outcome optimization A5*A6 $6,480,000 $7,776,000 $9,504,000
  Risk adjustment 5%      
Atr Improved media performance through higherquality reach and outcome optimization (risk-adjusted)   $6,156,000 $7,387,200 $9,028,800
Three-year total: $22,572,000 Three-year present value: $18,484,959

Reduced Media Waste Through Deduplicated Reach And Improved Supply Quality

Evidence and data. Interviewees highlighted how fragmented buying previously created significant audience overlap and waste; they noted that consolidation made reach deduplication and efficiency achievable.

  • “When we were buying across multiple DSPs, we had massive audience overlap,” said the head of retail media product and measurement at a retail firm. “We were paying to reach the same people repeatedly, which increased costs without delivering incremental value.”

  • The director of digital commerce at an alcohol and beverage distribution firm said: “Duplication was a real issue. The same audiences were being hit across different platforms, especially in CTV and display, and that created waste we couldn’t easily control.”

  • “Without a single platform, it was hard to manage frequency across channels,” noted the head of media and analytics at a consumer health products firm. “We saw impressions delivered to audiences that had already been exposed elsewhere, which reduced overall efficiency.”

  • The senior director of brand marketing at a biopharmaceuticals firm said: “Before consolidation, we didn’t have great visibility into overlap. It was difficult to know how often the same audiences were being reached across publishers, which made it harder to avoid wasted impressions.”

Modeling and assumptions. Based on the interviews, Forrester assumes the following about the composite organization:

  • The composite organization runs approximately $90 million in annual programmatic media spend that is subject to audience overlap and duplication across channels.

  • Prior to consolidation, a portion of the impressions delivered through programmatic campaigns is duplicated or inefficient due to limited cross-platform visibility and fragmented buying.

  • After consolidating media buying, the composite organization reduces duplicated or wasted impressions by approximately 17% in Year 1, increasing to 26% by Year 3; this is consistent with the interviewees’ experiences related to improved reach deduplication and frequency management.

  • The reduction in duplicated impressions reflects the improved supply quality and more efficient reach rather than an increase in overall media spend or changes to campaign objectives.

  • Avoided media waste represents spend that is redeployed toward unique reach or eliminated entirely rather than being reclassified as incremental revenue.

  • Only avoided media waste attributable to improved deduplicated reach and supply quality is included in this benefit.

Risks. The value of this benefit can vary across organizations due to the following:

  • Some reduction in media waste may depend on existing audience management and frequency controls already in place prior to consolidation.

  • The level of duplicated impressions may vary by channel mix, campaign complexity, and reliance on direct publisher buys.

  • Organizations with already centralized or highly optimized media buying approaches may experience lower incremental reductions in duplicated reach.

Results. To account for these risks, Forrester adjusted this benefit downward by 10%, yielding a three-year, risk-adjusted total PV (discounted at 10%) of $42.4 million.

17% to 26%

Reduction in duplicated or wasted impressions after consolidating programmatic buying and deduplicating reach over three years

“Once we had full visibility into frequency and overlap, it became clear how much spend was being wasted. Consolidation helped ensure impressions were contributing to unique reach.”

Head of retail media product and measurement, retail

Reduced Media Waste Through Deduplicated Reach And Improved Supply Quality

Ref. Metric Source Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
B1 Inscope annual programmatic media spend subject to duplication Composite $90,000,000 $90,000,000 $90,000,000
B2 Reduction in duplicated/wasted impressions Interviews 17% 21% 26%
Bt Reduced media waste through deduplicated reach and improved supply quality B1*B2 $15,300,000 $18,900,000 $23,400,000
  Risk adjustment 10%      
Btr Reduced media waste through deduplicated reach and improved supply quality (risk-adjusted)   $13,770,000 $17,010,000 $21,060,000
Three-year total: $51,840,000 Three-year present value: $42,398,723

Improved Marketing Operations Efficiency Through Workflow Automation And Simplification

Evidence and data. Interviewees described how campaign management, reporting, and optimization were operationally intensive prior to consolidating workflows and increasing automation.

  • “Reporting alone used to take hours every week,” said the director of digital commerce at an alcohol and beverage distribution firm. “Across the team, a lot of time was spent just pulling data together instead of focusing on strategy and optimization.”

  • “As campaigns scaled, the operational load grew quickly,” noted the head of media and analytics at a consumer health products firm. “Even relatively small changes took time because workflows weren’t centralized.”

  • The senior director of brand marketing at a biopharmaceuticals firm said: “Without streamlined workflows, managing dozens of campaigns meant a lot of manual effort. Teams spent more time executing than evaluating performance or testing new ideas.”

  • “Automation helped reduce the day-to-day operational effort,” said the director of digital commerce at an alcohol and beverage distribution firm. “That freed up time for more value-added work instead of repetitive tasks.”

Modeling and assumptions. Based on the interviews, Forrester assumes the following about the composite organization:

  • The composite organization employs 20 media managers responsible for campaign management, reporting, and operational tasks.

  • Prior to automation and workflow simplification, each media manager spends approximately 25 hours per week on reporting and operational activities.

  • After consolidating workflows and increasing automation, the composite organization reduces reporting and operational time by approximately 30% in Year 1, 38% in Year 2, and 48% in Year 3; this is consistent with the interviewees’ experiences.

  • Time savings are applied uniformly across in-scope media managers and represent productivity capacity freed rather than headcount reduction.

  • Full-time employees (FTEs) are used solely as a normalization unit based on a standard annual workload to express capacity at scale; we converted hours saved into an equivalent capacity, reframed as capacity freed for higher-value work. They do not imply workforce changes.

  • Productivity gains are translated into monetary value using a fully burdened annual salary for a media manager, consistent with TEI standard assumptions.

  • Only time savings attributable to workflow automation and operational simplification are included in this benefit.

Risks. The value of this benefit can vary across organizations due to the following:

  • Actual time savings may depend on existing levels of automation and process maturity prior to workflow consolidation.

  • Operational efficiency gains may vary based on campaign volume and complexity across brands or regions.

  • Organizations that rely heavily on external agencies for execution may capture a smaller portion of productivity gains internally.

Results. To account for these risks, Forrester adjusted this benefit downward by 5%, yielding a three-year, risk-adjusted total PV (discounted at 10%) of $1.7 million.

30% to 48%

Reduction in reporting and operational time per media manager after workflow automation and simplification over three years

“Once workflows were consolidated, day-to-day execution became far more efficient. The team spent less time managing tasks and more time focused on analysis and optimization.”

Head of media and analytics, consumer health products

Improved Marketing Operations Efficiency Through Workflow Automation And Simplification

Ref. Metric Source Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
C1 Media managers in scope Interviews 20 20 20
C2 Reporting and ops time per manager (hours per week) Interviews 25 25 25
C3 Total reporting and ops (hours per year) C1*C2*52 26,000 26,000 26,000
C4 Reduction in reporting and ops time Interviews 30% 38% 48%
C5 Annual hours saved C3*C4 7,800 9,880 12,480
C6 Fulltime equivalent (FTE) hours per year TEI standard 2,080 2,080 2,080
C7 Capacity freed for higher-value work C5/C6 3.75 4.75 6.00
C8 Fully burdened annual salary of a media manager TEI standard $150,000 $150,000 $150,000
Ct Improved marketing operations efficiency through workflow automation and simplification C7*C8 $562,500 $712,500 $900,000
  Risk adjustment 5%      
Ctr Improved marketing operations efficiency through workflow automation and simplification (risk-adjusted)   $534,375 $676,875 $855,000
Three-year total: $2,066,250 Three-year present value: $1,687,570

Unquantified Benefits

Interviewees described the following additional benefits associated with The Trade Desk that were not quantified as part of this analysis. These benefits were excluded from the financial model due to challenges in reliably isolating and measuring their impact as well as to maintain a conservative assessment of total economic value. The interviewees noted:

  • Faster time to market for campaign launches and budget deployment. Interviewees said that consolidating programmatic operations and simplifying workflows enabled them to launch and scale campaigns more quickly across channels. This reduced the delays associated with coordinating multiple platforms and publishers and allowed teams to respond more rapidly to seasonal opportunities, shifting demand, or incremental budget approvals. While several interviewees described meaningful improvements in speed, the impact varied by campaign type and wasn’t quantified consistently enough to model.

  • Greater confidence and trust in media investment decisions. Interviewees reported that improved transparency into reach, frequency, and outcome-based performance increased internal confidence in programmatic investments. Consistent measurement and external validation reduced uncertainty around results and made it easier to justify spend decisions to senior stakeholders, even when performance varied by campaign or channel.

  • Improved collaboration and alignment across internal teams and partners. Interviewees noted that operating from a single primary platform created a shared view of performance across marketing, analytics, and agency teams. This alignment reduced friction among planning, execution, and measurement functions and helped organizations coordinate more effectively as campaign scale and complexity increased.

  • An enhanced onboarding experience and ongoing support through a dedicated partnership. Interviewees emphasized the value of working with dedicated account and technical teams at The Trade Desk during their initial onboarding and ongoing use. Stable points of contact and hands-on guidance helped reduce disruption as capabilities evolved, supported faster issue resolution, and enabled teams to operationalize new functionality more effectively as campaign scope and complexity increased.

“Having a single platform removed a lot of friction. Teams moved faster, confidence in decisions improved, and everyone — marketing, analytics, and agencies — worked from the same understanding.”

Director of digital commerce, alcohol and beverage distribution

“The Trade Desk feels less like a vendor and more like a power partner. The level of support and collaboration helped us onboard faster and confidently expand how we use the platform.”

Head of media and analytics, consumer health products

Flexibility

The value of flexibility is unique to each customer. There are multiple scenarios in which a customer might implement The Trade Desk and later realize additional uses and business opportunities, including:

  • Expansion into new formats and channels as media strategies evolve. Interviewees said that as budgets continue shifting toward connected TV and other digital formats, their organization expects to expand programmatic execution without introducing new platforms. This flexibility reduces complexity when testing or scaling new channels and allows future initiatives to leverage existing workflows, data, and governance.

  • Deeper use of retail data and outcome-based activation. Several interviewees described plans to extend retail and purchase-based data activation into additional campaigns, brands, or regions over time. As commerce media capabilities mature, their organizations could use The Trade Desk to support more advanced incrementality testing, retailer-specific strategies, and cross-channel orchestration without requiring additional tooling investment.

  • Increased automation and optimization over time. Interviewees noted that they expect automation capabilities to expand as platform features evolve and teams gain deeper experience. Over time, this could further reduce manual effort in areas like campaign setup, optimization, and reporting, enabling staff to focus more on strategic analysis and experimentation rather than execution.

  • Greater responsiveness to market opportunities and demand signals. Interviewees said that the ability to launch and scale campaigns quickly creates more options for handling future demand spikes, seasonal events, or incremental budget approvals. This flexibility could enable their organization to respond faster to business opportunities that were previously difficult to capture due to platform and operational constraints.

Flexibility would also be quantified when evaluated as part of a specific project (described in more detail in Total Economic Impact Approach).

“The platform gives us room to grow. As new channels, data sources, and use cases emerge, we can evolve how we activate media without reorganizing our entire stack.”

Head of retail media product and measurement, retail

Analysis Of Costs

Quantified cost data as applied to the composite

Total Costs

Ref. Cost Initial Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Total Present Value
Dtr Initial setup, onboarding, and training $26,250 $0 $0 $0 $26,250 $26,250
Etr Annual platform costs $0 $18,900,000 $18,900,000 $18,900,000 $56,700,000 $47,001,503
  Total costs (risk-adjusted) $26,250 $18,900,000 $18,900,000 $18,900,000 $56,726,250 $47,027,753

Initial Setup, Onboarding, And Training

Evidence and data. Interviewees described the initial setup, onboarding, and training for The Trade Desk as a limited, one-time effort that was absorbed into normal campaign transition activities. Their organizations didn’t report significant technical implementation requirements or prolonged onboarding timelines; most of the enablement focused on familiarizing media teams with workflows and platform features rather than system integration. Interviewees indicated that initial setup and training were modest relative to ongoing media operations and didn’t represent a material cost driver compared with recurring platform usage.

Modeling and assumptions. Based on the interviews, Forrester assumes the following about the composite organization:

  • The composite organization incurs a one-time cost for the initial setup, onboarding, and training associated with adopting The Trade Desk.

  • Initial onboarding includes enablement for in-scope media managers, workflow transition support, and limited training on platform features and reporting.

  • Setup and training activities are completed primarily during the initial adoption period and do not recur in subsequent years.

  • Ongoing support, optimization, and platform usage are captured separately as part of the annual platform costs and aren’t included in this cost category.

Risks. The value of this cost can vary across organizations due to the following:

  • The scope and duration of onboarding may vary depending on an organization’s programmatic maturity and the complexity of existing workflows.

  • Organizations with larger teams or more heterogeneous campaign structures may require additional training or enablement activities.

  • Adoption approaches that rely more heavily on managed services or custom support may increase the initial onboarding costs.

Results. To account for these risks, Forrester adjusted this cost upward by 5%, yielding a three-year, risk-adjusted total PV (discounted at 10%) of $26,000.

Initial Setup, Onboarding, And Training

Ref. Metric Source Initial Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
D1 Initial setup, onboarding, and training Composite $25,000      
Dt Initial setup, onboarding, and training D1 $25,000 $0 $0 $0
  Risk adjustment 5%        
Dtr Initial setup, onboarding, and training (risk-adjusted)   $26,250 $0 $0 $0
Three-year total: $26,250 Three-year present value: $26,250

Annual Platform Costs

Evidence and data. Interviewees described ongoing platform costs for The Trade Desk as primarily linked to the volume of programmatic media managed through the platform rather than separate license or subscription fees. Costs were discussed in the context of overall media investment, with interviewees noting that platform fees scaled predictably as spend increased. They did not report complex pricing structures or frequent changes to how fees were assessed over time. Pricing for annual platform costs may vary. Contact The Trade Desk for additional details.

Modeling and assumptions. Based on the interviews, Forrester assumes the following about the composite organization:

  • The composite organization manages a significant portion of its programmatic media spend through The Trade Desk.

  • Annual platform costs are assumed to scale directly with in-scope programmatic media spend rather than being fixed or usage-agnostic.

  • Platform fees represent ongoing access to core platform functionality and support and recur annually throughout the analysis period.

Risks. The value of this cost can vary across organizations due to the following:

  • Actual platform costs may vary based on negotiated commercial terms or changes in media spend levels over time.

  • Organizations with more complex programmatic strategies or a higher reliance on advanced features may incur higher effective platform costs.

  • Year-over-year changes in media mix or activation strategies may affect how much spend flows through the platform.

Results. To account for these risks, Forrester adjusted this cost upward by 5%, yielding a three-year, risk-adjusted total PV (discounted at 10%) of $47.0 million.

Annual Platform Costs

Ref. Metric Source Initial Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
E1 Annual platform costs Composite   $18,000,000 $18,000,000 $18,000,000
Et Annual platform costs E1 $0 $18,000,000 $18,000,000 $18,000,000
  Risk adjustment 5%        
Etr Annual platform costs (risk-adjusted)   $0 $18,900,000 $18,900,000 $18,900,000
Three-year total: $56,700,000 Three-year present value: $47,001,503

Financial Summary

Consolidated Three-Year, Risk-Adjusted Metrics

Cash Flow Chart (Risk-Adjusted)

[CHART DIV CONTAINER]
Total costs Total benefits Cumulative net benefits Initial Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Cash Flow Analysis (Risk-Adjusted)

  Initial Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Total Present Value
Total costs ($26,250) ($18,900,000) ($18,900,000) ($18,900,000) ($56,726,250) ($47,027,753)
Total benefits $0 $20,460,375 $25,074,075 $30,943,800 $76,478,250 $62,571,252
Net benefits ($26,250) $1,560,375 $6,174,075 $12,043,800 $19,752,000 $15,543,499
ROI           33%

 Please Note

The financial results calculated in the Benefits and Costs sections can be used to determine the ROI, NPV, and payback period for the composite organization’s investment. Forrester assumes a yearly discount rate of 10% for this analysis.

These risk-adjusted ROI, NPV, and payback period values are determined by applying risk-adjustment factors to the unadjusted results in each Benefit and Cost section.

The initial investment column contains costs incurred at “time 0” or at the beginning of Year 1 that are not discounted. All other cash flows are discounted using the discount rate at the end of the year. PV calculations are calculated for each total cost and benefit estimate. NPV calculations in the summary tables are the sum of the initial investment and the discounted cash flows in each year. Sums and present value calculations of the Total Benefits, Total Costs, and Cash Flow tables may not exactly add up, as some rounding may occur.

From the information provided in the interviews, Forrester constructed a Total Economic Impact™ framework for those organizations considering an investment in The Trade Desk.

The objective of the framework is to identify the cost, benefit, flexibility, and risk factors that affect the investment decision. Forrester took a multistep approach to evaluate the impact that The Trade Desk can have on an organization.

Due Diligence

Interviewed The Trade Desk stakeholders and Forrester analysts to gather data relative to The Trade Desk.

Interviews

Interviewed four decision-makers at organizations using The Trade Desk to obtain data about costs, benefits, and risks.

Composite Organization

Designed a composite organization based on characteristics of the interviewees’ organizations.

Financial Model Framework

Constructed a financial model representative of the interviews using the TEI methodology and risk-adjusted the financial model based on issues and concerns of the interviewees.

Case Study

Employed four fundamental elements of TEI in modeling the investment impact: benefits, costs, flexibility, and risks. Given the increasing sophistication of ROI analyses related to IT investments, Forrester’s TEI methodology provides a complete picture of the total economic impact of purchase decisions. Please see Appendix A for additional information on the TEI methodology.

Total Economic Impact Approach

Benefits

Benefits represent the value the solution delivers to the business. The TEI methodology places equal weight on the measure of benefits and costs, allowing for a full examination of the solution’s effect on the entire organization.

Costs

Costs comprise all expenses necessary to deliver the proposed value, or benefits, of the solution. The methodology captures implementation and ongoing costs associated with the solution.

Flexibility

Flexibility represents the strategic value that can be obtained for some future additional investment building on top of the initial investment already made. The ability to capture that benefit has a PV that can be estimated.

Risks

Risks measure the uncertainty of benefit and cost estimates given: 1) the likelihood that estimates will meet original projections and 2) the likelihood that estimates will be tracked over time. TEI risk factors are based on “triangular distribution.”

Financial Terminology

Present value (PV)

The present or current value of (discounted) cost and benefit estimates given at an interest rate (the discount rate). The PVs of costs and benefits feed into the total NPV of cash flows.

Net present value (NPV)

The present or current value of (discounted) future net cash flows given an interest rate (the discount rate). A positive project NPV normally indicates that the investment should be made unless other projects have higher NPVs.

Return on investment (ROI)

A project’s expected return in percentage terms. ROI is calculated by dividing net benefits (benefits less costs) by costs.

Discount rate

The interest rate used in cash flow analysis to take into account the time value of money. Organizations typically use discount rates between 8% and 16%.

Payback

The breakeven point for an investment. This is the point in time at which net benefits (benefits minus costs) equal initial investment or cost.

Appendix A

Total Economic Impact

Total Economic Impact is a methodology developed by Forrester Research that enhances a company’s technology decision-making processes and assists solution providers in communicating their value proposition to clients. The TEI methodology helps companies demonstrate, justify, and realize the tangible value of business and technology initiatives to both senior management and other key stakeholders.

Appendix B

Supplemental Material

Related Forrester Research

The Omnichannel Advertising Platforms Landscape, Q4 2025, Forrester Research, Inc., October 10, 2025.

Appendix C

Endnotes

1 Total Economic Impact is a methodology developed by Forrester Research that enhances a company’s technology decision-making processes and assists solution providers in communicating their value proposition to clients. The TEI methodology helps companies demonstrate, justify, and realize the tangible value of business and technology initiatives to both senior management and other key stakeholders.

2 Source: The Omnichannel Advertising Platforms Landscape, Q4 2025, Forrester Research, Inc., October 10, 2025.

Disclosures

Readers should be aware of the following:

This study is commissioned by The Trade Desk and delivered by Forrester Consulting. It is not meant to be used as a competitive analysis.

Forrester makes no assumptions as to the potential ROI that other organizations will receive. Forrester strongly advises that readers use their own estimates within the framework provided in the study to determine the appropriateness of an investment in The Trade Desk. For any interactive functionality, the intent is for the questions to solicit inputs specific to a prospect’s business. Forrester believes that this analysis is representative of what companies may achieve with The Trade Desk based on the inputs provided and any assumptions made. Forrester does not endorse The Trade Desk or its offerings. Although great care has been taken to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this model, The Trade Desk and Forrester Research are unable to accept any legal responsibility for any actions taken on the basis of the information contained herein. The interactive tool is provided ‘AS IS,’ and Forrester and The Trade Desk make no warranties of any kind.

The Trade Desk reviewed and provided feedback to Forrester, but Forrester maintains editorial control over the study and its findings and does not accept changes to the study that contradict Forrester’s findings or obscure the meaning of the study.

The Trade Desk provided the customer names for the interviews but did not participate in the interviews.

Consulting Team:

Roger Nauth

Published

June 2025